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Linux Shell

博客域名更换

ansen.org 域名用了5年多了,期间一直想换成 .com 域名,今天终于拍脑决定换成 lshell.com 了,顺应域名,博客名字也由 Ansen’s Blog 更换成了 Linux Shell ,希望我能在 Linux 运维路上走得更远……

还记得11年买的第一个域名是在 godaddy 上买的 ansen.me,当时本来想注册 .com 的,结果已经被注册了,后面感觉 .me 域名太非主流了,又买了 ansen.org 这个域名,就这样维持了两年左右吧,放弃了 ansen.me 这个域名,但是 ansen.org 还一直使用着,慢慢的不想折腾,干脆把这个也放弃了吧……
人生路上,总会主动/被动放弃很多重要/不重要的东西,或许这才叫生活。
仅以此文纪念我那逝去的青春。

rsync module to add salt

 In salt development version already has this function.

Salt version of me in my server used above is 2015.5.8 (Lithium), state module does not rsync, and you know it is crazy  update all server to development version, So I ported this function to the current version. It’s very simple.

Add a custom module and state module,Copy the files from the development version over, only need a simple modification.

# mkdir /srv/salt/_modules  
# mkdir /srv/salt/_states  
# vim /srv/salt/_modules/rsync.py  
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  
    '''  
    Wrapper for rsync  
  
    .. versionadded:: 2014.1.0  
  
    This data can also be passed into :doc:`pillar </topics/tutorials/pillar>`.  
    Options passed into opts will overwrite options passed into pillar.  
    '''  
    from __future__ import absolute_import  
  
    # Import python libs  
    import errno  
    import logging  
  
    # Import salt libs  
    import salt.utils  
    from salt.exceptions import CommandExecutionError, SaltInvocationError  
  
    log = logging.getLogger(__name__)  
  
  
    def _check(delete, force, update, passwordfile, exclude, excludefrom):  
        '''  
        Generate rsync options  
        '''  
        options = ['-avz']  
  
        if delete:  
            options.append('--delete')  
        if force:  
            options.append('--force')  
        if update:  
            options.append('--update')  
        if passwordfile:  
            options.extend(['--password-file', passwordfile])  
        if excludefrom:  
            options.extend(['--exclude-from', excludefrom])  
            if exclude:  
                exclude = False  
        if exclude:  
            options.extend(['--exclude', exclude])  
        return options  
  
  
    def rsync(src,  
              dst,  
              delete=False,  
              force=False,  
              update=False,  
              passwordfile=None,  
              exclude=None,  
              excludefrom=None):  
        '''  
        .. versionchanged:: Boron  
            Return data now contains just the output of the rsync command, instead  
            of a dictionary as returned from :py:func:`cmd.run_all  
            <salt.modules.cmdmod.run_all>`.  
  
        Rsync files from src to dst  
  
        CLI Example:  
  
        .. code-block:: bash  
  
            salt '*' rsync.rsync {src} {dst} {delete=True} {update=True} {passwordfile=/etc/pass.crt} {exclude=xx}  
            salt '*' rsync.rsync {src} {dst} {delete=True} {excludefrom=/xx.ini}  
        '''  
        if not src:  
            src = __salt__['config.option']('rsync.src')  
        if not dst:  
            dst = __salt__['config.option']('rsync.dst')  
        if not delete:  
            delete = __salt__['config.option']('rsync.delete')  
        if not force:  
            force = __salt__['config.option']('rsync.force')  
        if not update:  
            update = __salt__['config.option']('rsync.update')  
        if not passwordfile:  
            passwordfile = __salt__['config.option']('rsync.passwordfile')  
        if not exclude:  
            exclude = __salt__['config.option']('rsync.exclude')  
        if not excludefrom:  
            excludefrom = __salt__['config.option']('rsync.excludefrom')  
        if not src or not dst:  
            raise SaltInvocationError('src and dst cannot be empty')  
  
        option = _check(delete, force, update, passwordfile, exclude, excludefrom)  
        cmd = ['rsync'] + option + [src, dst]  
        try:  
            return __salt__['cmd.run_all'](cmd, python_shell=False)  
        except (IOError, OSError) as exc:  
            raise CommandExecutionError(exc.strerror)  
  
  
    def version():  
        '''  
        .. versionchanged:: Boron  
            Return data now contains just the version number as a string, instead  
            of a dictionary as returned from :py:func:`cmd.run_all  
            <salt.modules.cmdmod.run_all>`.  
  
        Returns rsync version  
  
        CLI Example:  
  
        .. code-block:: bash  
  
            salt '*' rsync.version  
        '''  
        try:  
            out = __salt__['cmd.run_stdout'](  
                ['rsync', '--version'],  
                python_shell=False)  
        except (IOError, OSError) as exc:  
            raise CommandExecutionError(exc.strerror)  
        try:  
            return out.split('n')[0].split()[2]  
        except IndexError:  
            raise CommandExecutionError('Unable to determine rsync version')  
  
  
    def config(conf_path='/etc/rsyncd.conf'):  
        '''  
        .. versionchanged:: Boron  
            Return data now contains just the contents of the rsyncd.conf as a  
            string, instead of a dictionary as returned from :py:func:`cmd.run_all  
            <salt.modules.cmdmod.run_all>`.  
  
        Returns the contents of the rsync config file  
  
        conf_path : /etc/rsyncd.conf  
            Path to the config file  
  
        CLI Example:  
  
        .. code-block:: bash  
  
            salt '*' rsync.config  
        '''  
        ret = ''  
        try:  
            with salt.utils.fopen(conf_path, 'r') as fp_:  
                for line in fp_:  
                    ret += line  
        except IOError as exc:  
            if exc.errno == errno.ENOENT:  
                raise CommandExecutionError('{0} does not exist'.format(conf_path))  
            elif exc.errno == errno.EACCES:  
                raise CommandExecutionError(  
                    'Unable to read {0}, access denied'.format(conf_path)  
                )  
            elif exc.errno == errno.EISDIR:  
                raise CommandExecutionError(  
                    'Unable to read {0}, path is a directory'.format(conf_path)  
                )  
            else:  
                raise CommandExecutionError(  
                    'Error {0}: {1}'.format(exc.errno, exc.strerror)  
                )  
        else:  
            return ret  
  
  
# vim /srv/salt/_states/rsync.py  
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  
    #  
    # Copyright 2015 SUSE LLC  
    #  
    # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");  
    # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  
    # You may obtain a copy of the License at  
    #  
    # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0  
    #  
    # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software  
    # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,  
    # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  
    # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and  
    # limitations under the License.  
    '''  
    Rsync state.  
  
    .. versionadded:: Boron  
    '''  
  
    from __future__ import absolute_import  
    import salt.utils  
    import os  
  
  
    def __virtual__():  
        '''  
        Only if Rsync is available.  
  
        :return:  
        '''  
        return salt.utils.which('rsync') and 'rsync' or False  
  
  
    def _get_summary(rsync_out):  
        '''  
        Get summary from the rsync successfull output.  
  
        :param rsync_out:  
        :return:  
        '''  
  
        return "- " + "n- ".join([elm for elm in rsync_out.split("nn")[-1].replace("  ", "n").split("n") if elm])  
  
  
    def _get_changes(rsync_out):  
        '''  
        Get changes from the rsync successfull output.  
  
        :param rsync_out:  
        :return:  
        '''  
        copied = list()  
        deleted = list()  
  
        for line in rsync_out.split("nn")[0].split("n")[1:]:  
            if line.startswith("deleting "):  
                deleted.append(line.split(" ", 1)[-1])  
            else:  
                copied.append(line)  
  
        return {  
            'copied': os.linesep.join(sorted(copied)) or "N/A",  
            'deleted': os.linesep.join(sorted(deleted)) or "N/A",  
        }  
  
  
    def synchronized(name, source,  
                     delete=False,  
                     force=False,  
                     update=False,  
                     passwordfile=None,  
                     exclude=None,  
                     excludefrom=None,  
                     prepare=False):  
        '''  
        Guarantees that the source directory is always copied to the target.  
  
        :param name: Name of the target directory.  
        :param source: Source directory.  
        :param prepare: Create destination directory if it does not exists.  
        :param delete: Delete extraneous files from the destination dirs (True or False)  
        :param force: Force deletion of dirs even if not empty  
        :param update: Skip files that are newer on the receiver (True or False)  
        :param passwordfile: Read daemon-access password from the file (path)  
        :param exclude: Exclude files, that matches pattern.  
        :param excludefrom: Read exclude patterns from the file (path)  
        :return:  
  
        .. code-block:: yaml  
  
            /opt/user-backups:  
              rsync.synchronized:  
                - source: /home  
                - force: True  
        '''  
        ret = {'name': name, 'changes': {}, 'result': True, 'comment': ''}  
  
    #    if not os.path.exists(source):  
    #        ret['result'] = False  
    #        ret['comment'] = "Source directory {src} was not found.".format(src=source)  
    #    elif not os.path.exists(name) and not force and not prepare:  
        if not os.path.exists(name) and not force and not prepare:  
            ret['result'] = False  
            ret['comment'] = "Destination directory {dest} was not found.".format(dest=name)  
        else:  
            if not os.path.exists(name) and prepare:  
                os.makedirs(name)  
  
            result = __salt__['rsync.rsync'](src=source, dst=name, delete=delete, force=force, update=update,  
                                             passwordfile=passwordfile, exclude=exclude, excludefrom=excludefrom)  
            if result.get('retcode'):  
                ret['result'] = False  
                ret['comment'] = result['stderr']  
                ret['changes'] = result['stdout']  
            else:  
                ret['comment'] = _get_summary(result['stdout'])  
                ret['changes'] = _get_changes(result['stdout'])  
  
        return ret  
  

Update minion module.

Xshell 的操作快捷键

使用快捷键提升操作效率。

删除
ctrl + d      删除光标所在位置上的字符相当于VIM里x或者dl
ctrl + h      删除光标所在位置前的字符相当于VIM里hx或者dh
ctrl + k      删除光标后面所有字符相当于VIM里d shift+$
ctrl + u      删除光标前面所有字符相当于VIM里d shift+^
ctrl + w      删除光标前一个单词相当于VIM里db
ctrl + y      恢复ctrl+u上次执行时删除的字符
ctrl + ?      撤消前一次输入
alt  + r      撤消前一次动作
alt  + d     删除光标所在位置的后单词

Haproxy reverse proxy SSH timeout issue solved

  For reasons known, server connections overseas Chinese mainland will be disturbed, so I use Haproxy reverse proxy it  in Hong Kong.
    I encountered such a problem, if the ssh connection idle for 50 seconds will automatically disconnect. I connect to the server and mainland China does not have this problem. So I think it is not Haproxy problem, I checked the configuration and Debug, did not find any problems.
  Well, this question must be in the SSH, I think. I tried this configuration:

python 模块 subprocess, os.system,commands,popend 的简单对比

因为要在python脚本里执行系统命令,在网上找了一下相关的模块。
之前用的最多的是popen
而commands是对popen的封装;
而os.system则是调用C的system函数
但自从2.4之后,多了个subprocess,官方建议用subprocess取代以上的几种方法    
command_info = subprocess.call(’ls -l’,shell=True)